Baking guide · 01

How to calculate baker’s percentage

Treat the flour weight as 100% and write every other ingredient as a percentage of it. Recipes then scale to any size, and you can compare one recipe with another at a glance.

The formula

Baker’s % = ingredient weight ÷ total flour weight × 100%

If a recipe uses more than one flour (say bread flour plus whole wheat), add them together as 100% and work out each one’s share.

Example: a basic bread

IngredientWeightBaker’s %
Bread flour500 g100%
Water350 g70%
Salt10 g2%
Instant yeast5 g1%
Total865 g173%

The total is 173%, not 100%: baker’s percentages are relative to the flour, not to the whole dough.

Hydration is the water’s baker’s percentage

The example above is 70% hydration. Higher hydration means a stickier dough that is harder to shape, and usually a more open crumb. Typical starting points — your flour and recipe will vary:

BreadTypical hydration
Bagelsabout 55–60%
Sandwich loaf, rollsabout 60–68%
Baguette, country loafabout 65–78%
Ciabattaabout 75–85%

Salt usually sits at 1.8–2.2% and instant yeast at 0.5–1.5%. Whole wheat flour absorbs more water, so the same feel needs higher hydration. Milk and eggs contain water too — count them when you work out effective hydration.

Scaling to a target dough weight

Flour weight = target dough weight ÷ total percentage

For two 800 g doughs (1600 g in total) with the recipe above: 1600 ÷ 1.73 ≈ 925 g flour, then multiply by each percentage — water 647 g, salt 18.5 g, yeast 9.2 g. Mixing and shaping lose a little, so many bakers add 2–3% extra.

Why write it down

The real value of baker’s percentage is comparison: you raised hydration from 68% to 73% — how much did the crumb change? You only see what changed when every bake’s formula and result sit side by side.

Let the app do the maths

Enter grams on a BakeMemo recipe sheet and baker’s percentages and hydration update live. Every bake links into a lineage, so you can see exactly what changed. 62 recipes and your first three bakes are free, no sign-up.

Download on theApp Store — free

Figures on this page are common reference ranges. Flour, climate and technique vary widely — go by how your dough actually behaves.